The exact treatment used will depend on the type of testicular cancer and how advanced it is.   An operation to remove the affected testicle is normal in all cases.  The loss of one testicle does not affect a man's ability to have an erection or father children and an artificial testicle can be put in the scrotum to restore a normal appearance.   If the cancer has gone beyond the testicle, radiotherapy or chemotherapy are also used.  Radiotherapy is more effective for seminomas.  Chemotherapy is used for both types of testicular cancer, even if it has not spread.  In advanced cases, chemotherapy is given at a very high dose, which kills not only the cancer cells but also the bone marrow cells as well.  However, the patient is given a stem cell or bone marrow infusion to restore the bone marrow cells.